Cardinal Resources Limited: Positive Metallurgical Update on the Namdini Project
(firmenpresse) - Cardinal Resources Limited (ASX/TSX: CDV) is pleased to announce a positive development with respect to its metallurgical optimisation testwork activities. As a result of positive leach results, which are expected to enhance the project economics, further laboratory testwork has been initiated.
- Positive leach recovery results reported from Aachen TM pilot scale testwork
- AachenTM is a relatively simple, proven process being used by a number of successful gold producers globally and specifically in Africa. These operations have consistently demonstrated an uplift in gold recoveries with AachenTM
- AachenTM results on Namdini flotation concentrate indicates the following potential improvements:
- increased gold recovery (Table 1)
- coarser regrind size compared with the current flowsheet
- reduced power consumption (ie lower installed power requirements and Opex)
- improved mass transfer of oxygen and reactivity of reagents
- reduced reagent consumption leading to reduced operating costs
- expected reduction of both Capex and in particular, Opex
- Cardinal has already tested 4,447 kg (>4 tonnes) comprising 7 pilot scale composites from 47 drill holes (Table 2) across the entire deposit. Cardinal is finalizing the testwork programme with a further 2,310 kg (>2 tonnes) of samples from an additional 24 drill holes
- Final AachenTM testwork is in progress to further support the results received to date for potential inclusion into the Namdini Feasibility Study
Peter Lotz, Gold Process & Environment Manager, Maelgwyn Mineral Services Africa, stated:
Our AachenTM process is currently deployed at 9 different mine sites in 6 countries, with the longest service life of over 10 years on one of the largest bullion producers within the African continent.
Weve seen our process increase gold recoveries between 2% and 19% in gold producing operations. Former Randgold Resources (now Barrick), a major client of MMS, is using AachenTM equipment at its Loulo and Morila mines in Mali, at its Tongon operation in Côte dIvoire, and at the Kibali gold mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
We look forward to our continuing work with Cardinal in this regard.
Cardinals Chief Executive Officer / Managing Director, Archie Koimtsidis stated:
These highly encouraging results from the metallurgical optimisation programme are potentially an opportunity to further enhance the Namdini project financial outcomes and should be incorporated into the process flowsheet being designed by Lycopodium.
The metallurgical optimisation test results recently received and evaluated show promising recovery, capital and operating cost improvements, which can be achieved over and above the current outcomes justifying incorporation into the Feasibility Study.
Cardinal has recently completed its current testwork to consider the introduction of an AachenTM system into the Namdini process flow sheet which is being established by Lycopodium. The testwork has been completed at the Maelgwyn Mineral Services Africa (MMSA) metallurgical laboratory in South Africa.
The base premise of the process is to scour the mineral surfaces and maximise oxygen transfer to the ore slurry prior to leaching, which enhances leach kinetics, resulting in improved recovery of gold. It is a relatively simple, proven process already being used at 9 gold producing mines.
In addition to a potential increase in gold recovery (and therefore a potential uplift to annual gold production rates), there are typically power and reagent savings (Opex savings) and installed power requirements (Capex savings) that can be realised.
Testwork on integrating the AachenTM process into the Namdini flowsheet demonstrated potential to increase recoveries for the Life of Mine study and also suggested an increase in the grind size from sub 10 microns (µm) into the coarser range of 20 to 45 microns (µm) for certain lithologies. Further testwork is ongoing to consider the optimal grind size and target recovery, with detailed cost/benefit analysis underway as part of the programme.
The AachenTM process has also been successfully used for cyanide destruction, post leach circuit, which will also be analysed for further Opex and Capex savings.
Table 1: Namdini AachenTM Leach Testwork Results - Life of Mine (LOM) Samples1
Metavolcanics Granite (GRA) Diorite (DIO)
Regrind Size (MVO)
(P90
µm)
AachenTMRange AachenTMRange AachenTMRange
Leach of Leach of Leach of
Recover possib Recover possib Recover possib
y le y le y le
2 % overal2 % overal2 % overal
l l l
Recover Recover Recover
y y y
3 % 3 % 3 %
5 µm 91 - 95 84 - 9092 - 96 84 - 9190 - 96 83 - 91
9 µm 90 - 96 82 - 9188 - 96 81 - 9190 - 94 82 - 89
45 µm 84 - 88 77 - 8495 - 97 87 - 9293 - 95 86 - 90
75 µm 73 - 75 67 - 7176 - 82 70 - 7875 - 86 69 - 82
Notes
1. Results represent pilot scale composites for each lithology (MVO, GRA, DIO)
2. Range of leach recoveries at incremental passes through the Aachen process
3. Range of possible overall recovery, calculated by multiplying Aachen leach recovery range by typical flotation recovery range (92-95%), which are results indicated in Cardinals PFS NI 43-101 (25 October 2018)
Table 2: Namdini AachenTM Leach Testwork - Summary Total of Samples Submitted by Cardinal
Samples Number of Number of Number of
Mass Drill Intervals Final
(kg) Holes (1m) Leach Data
Points
1
TOTAL 4,447 47 2,048 84
Note 1: Leach data points are related to various regrind sizes for the total 7 Starter Pit and Life of Mine pilot scale composites
Figure 1: Shows the drill hole locations for the composites of the AachenTM testwork
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Next Steps
As a result of the positive leach results which are expected to enhance Namdini Project economics, further testwork samples have been submitted. All aspects of the Feasibility Study are on track for delivery this quarter, however, Cardinal is reverting to the original Q3 - 2019 Feasibility Study publication timeline in respect of the Companys flagship Namdini Gold Project in Ghana so that final testwork results from the AachenTM process can be incorporated.
Study Manager Lycopodium continues to accelerate the full integration of all project disciplines and to coordinate the efforts of our other study partners.
Lycopodium is a highly respected mining services company with over 25 years global experience in the minerals industry, designing and building large-scale mines, processing plants and associated infrastructure, particularly in Africa and West Africa.
Project Development Partners
COMPANY ROLE
Feasibility Study Managers. Process
Lycopodium plant and associated infrastructure.
Capital and Operating cost estimation
and compilation of the JORC and NI
43-101 Technical
reports
Golder Associates Mine planning and optimisation, pit
design and mine scheduling,
Geotechnical, Hydrology and
Hydrogeological
engineering
Orway Minerals Comminution data analysis, crushing and
Consultants grinding circuit option
study
ALS Laboratory (Perth) Metallurgical testwork to support the
process design
criteria
Knight Piésold ConsultiTailings Storage Facility and selected
ng infrastructure
design
Independent Metallurgical testwork management,
Metallurgical analysis and process flowsheet
Operations development
MPR Geological Mineral Resource modelling of the
Consultants Namdini
Deposit
Orefind Geology and deposit structural genesis
Sebbag Group Mine Design Review
International
NEMAS Consult Environmental Impact Assessment Study
Whittle Consulting Enterprise Optimisation of the Namdini
Project
Maelgwyn Mineral AachenTM process metallurgical
Services optimisation
Africa
BDO Advisory Financial Model Integrity & Reviewer
(PEA, PFS and
FS)
ABOUT MAELGWYN - AachenTM Process
Maelgwyn Mineral Services (MMS) is a world leader in the development and implementation of innovative cost- effective technologies and processes in the field of mineral, chemical and waste processing. It has had many patents granted and has won a number of national innovation awards for its process.
The AachenTM process is one of Maelgwyns primary business metallurgical technologies which can be tested at their fully certified and commercial laboratory in South Africa. The AachenTM process can be tested at bench and pilot scale in this laboratory.
The AachenTM process uses a pipe shear device designed to improve oxidation of slurries using oxygen. It uses a slot aerator to introduce micron-sized (200µm) oxygen bubbles into the device which has different chambers separated by orifice plates creating a highly efficient contact of oxygen to the slurry. The equipment is especially efficient for high- rate oxidation of sulphides which is ideal for Namdinis ore since the gold is particulate and occurs as free gold, in fractures in pyrite or in pyrite grains.
The objective is to increase efficient utilisation of the oxygen and as a consequence of the significant increase in real-time oxidation it could allow grind sizes to be coarser thus reducing overall power and reagent costs. The device contains no moving parts, and is designed to withstand erosive effects of mineral slurries.
Figure 2: AachenTM Equipment Illustrations
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MMS have commissioned more than 60 of the AachenTM units on the African continent, working with several high-profile mining companies across several jurisdictions.
Former Randgold Resources (now Barrick), a major client of MMS, is using AachenTM oxidation technology at its Loulo and Morila mines, in Mali, at its Tongon operation, in Côte dIvoire, and at the Kibali gold mine, in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
MMS has also provided the process to Liberian gold miner Avesoro Resources (formerly Aureus Minings) New Liberty gold mine and to South African gold miner Pan African Resources at its Barberton Mines operation, where the Aachen units are used in the cyanidation circuit and are also used to support the cyanide detoxification processes.
MMSA is also working on several tailings storage facility reclamation projects in South Africa and aims to use Aachen oxidation technology in the various reclamation processes.
Figure 3: AachenTM Installation - Gold Mine Example 1
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Figure 4: AachenTM Installation - Gold Mine Example 2
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Figure 5: AachenTM Installation - Gold Mine Example 3
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On-site Due Diligence
Cardinal Resources management undertook a due diligence review of the AachenTM process in March 2019. The due diligence review included a site visit to the Maelgwyn laboratory facility in Northcliff South Africa followed by a site inspection of two AachenTM devices installed at a gold mine operating in Southern Africa.
A summary of observations made during the site visit is highlighted below:
- There are 63 AachenTM units currently employed at 9 sites in Africa.
- Scale up from laboratory to full production has generally shown greater improvements. Generally, a 5% recovery improvement in the laboratory can translate into 7 or 8% in full-scale operation.
- Slurry input to the unit is generally ~2 m/s and the velocity through the contact zone is ~10 m/s. Oxygen is introduced with micron-sized bubbles (200µm), with + 10 m/s velocity.
- Maelgwyn expect 4,000 to 5,000 hours service between maintenance intervals based on operational experience.
In general terms, high shearing of slurry particles and high velocity of oxygen, results in improved kinetics by scouring the particle surfaces and accelerating the oxidation of the sulphide species which then allows for less residence time and less reagent requirements within the leaching circuit.
AachenTM Testwork Procedure
The scope of work for the pilot scale experiments is outlined in the diagram below. The seven (7) bulk composite sample IDs were sequentially processed via primary milling, to a grind specification of 50% passing 212 m, followed by Knelson gravity separation and secondary milling to 80% passing 106 m. The milled gravity tails were subjected to froth flotation to generate concentrate for the subsequent AachenTM testwork series.
Figure 5: AachenTM Testwork: Procedure - Pilot scale
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Summary of the AachenTM testwork results on Namdini samples:
Maelgwyns AachenTM Process is showing encouraging results on a number of fronts with the most significant being:
- Recovery improvement
- Leach kinetics
- Potential increase in grind size without compromising recovery
- Power and reagent consumption reduction, specifically oxygen and cyanide
All the above points could result in project economic benefits by reducing OPEX and CAPEX whilst improving gold recovery which has provided a clear path forward for Cardinal and the Aachen process.
Position of Aachen equipment within Namdini Flowsheet
AachenTM will be deployed after the flotation concentrate regrind circuit as indicated in Figure 6. The process throughput is relatively small since only flotation concentrate is treated through the device.
Figure 6: Position of Aachen device in Namdini Flowsheet
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ABOUT CARDINAL
Cardinal Resources Limited (ASX/TSX: CDV) is a West African gold exploration and development Company that holds interests in tenements within Ghana, West Africa.
The Company is focused on the development of the Namdini Project with a gold Ore Reserve of 5.1Moz (0.4 Moz Proved and 4.7 Moz Probable) and a soon to be completed Feasibility Study.
Exploration programmes are also underway at the Companys Bolgatanga (Northern Ghana) and Subranum (Southern Ghana) Projects.
Cardinal confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in its announcement of the Ore Reserve of 3 April 2019. All material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning this estimate continue to apply and have not materially changed.
For further information contact:
Archie Koimtsidis -
CEO / MD-
Cardinal Resources Limited -
P: +61 8 6558 0573-
Alec Rowlands
IR / Corp Dev
Cardinal Resources Limited
P: +1 647 256 1922
Cannings Purple
Andrew Rowell or Peta Baldwin-
E: arowell(at)canningspurple.com.au -
E: pbaldwin(at)canningspurple.com.au
This release has been independently reviewed by CSA Global (Perth) for JORC Code Compliance.
CSA Global have not verified the results presented.
Competent / Qualified Person Statement
All production targets for the Namdini Gold Mine referred to in this report are underpinned by estimated Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves which were prepared by competent persons and qualified persons in accordance with the requirements of the JORC Code and National Instrument 43-101- Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI43-101), respectively (ASX/TSX press release dated 3 April 2019).
Scientific and technical information contained in this press release has been reviewed and approved by Mr. Daryl Evans, Independent Metallurgical Operations Pty Ltd (IMO), who is a qualified person as defined by National Instrument 43101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI43101). Mr. Evans holds a Qualified Professional status being a Fellow of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (FAusIMM). IMO is an independent consulting firm appointed by Cardinal. IMO and Mr. Evans consent to the inclusion of the matters in this report of the statements based on the information in the form and context in which it appears.
The scientific and technical information contained in this press release is based on information compiled and reviewed by Mr. Richard Bray, a Competent Person who is a Registered Professional Geologist with the Australian Institute of Geoscientists and a full-time employee of Cardinal Resources Ltd. Mr. Bray has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralization and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he has undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the JORC Code 2012 and is a qualified person for the purposes of NI43-101. Mr. Bray is a full-time employee of Cardinal and holds equity securities in the Company. Mr. Bray has consented to the inclusion of the matters in this report based on the information in the form and context in which it appears.
ASX Listing Rule 5.23.2
The Company confirms it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in this report relating to exploration activities and all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the exploration activities in those market announcements continue to apply and have not been changed. The Company confirms that the form and context in which the Competent Persons findings are presented have not been materially modified from the original market announcements. Cardinal confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in its announcement of the Ore Reserve of 3 April 2019. All material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning this estimate continue to apply and have not materially changed.
Disclaimer
This ASX / TSX press release has been prepared by Cardinal Resources Limited (ABN: 56 147 325 620) (Cardinal or the Company). Neither the ASX or the TSX, nor their regulation service providers accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this press release.
This press release contains summary information about Cardinal, its subsidiaries and their activities, which is current as at the date of this press release. The information in this press release is of a general nature and does not purport to be complete nor does it contain all the information which a prospective investor may require in evaluating a possible investment in Cardinal.
By its very nature, exploration for minerals is a highrisk business and is not suitable for certain investors. Cardinals securities are speculative. Potential investors should consult their stockbroker or financial advisor. There are a number of risks, both specific to Cardinal and of a general nature which may affect the future operating and financial performance of Cardinal and the value of an investment in Cardinal including but not limited to economic conditions, stock market fluctuations, gold price movements, regional infrastructure constraints, timing of approvals from relevant authorities, regulatory risks, operational risks and reliance on key personnel and foreign currency fluctuations.
Except for statutory liability which cannot be excluded and subject to applicable law, each of Cardinals officers, employees and advisors expressly disclaim any responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the material contained in this press release and excludes all liability whatsoever (including in negligence) for any loss or damage which may be suffered by any person as a consequence of any information in this Announcement or any error or omission here from. Except as required by applicable law, the Company is under no obligation to update any person regarding any inaccuracy, omission or change in information in this press release or any other information made available to a person nor any obligation to furnish the person with any further information. Recipients of this press release should make their own independent assessment and determination as to the Companys prospects, its business, assets and liabilities as well as the matters covered in this press release.
Forwardlooking statements
Certain statements contained in this press release, including information as to the future financial or operating performance of Cardinal and its projects may also include statements which are forwardlooking statements that may include, amongst other things, statements regarding targets, anticipated timing of the feasibility study (FS) on the Namdini project, estimates and assumptions in respect of mineral resources and anticipated grades and recovery rates, impact of the potential implementation of the AachenTM process to the Namdini gold project, production and prices, recovery costs and results, capital expenditures and are or may be based on assumptions and estimates related to future technical, economic, market, political, social and other conditions. These forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by Cardinal, are inherently subject to significant technical, business, economic, competitive, political and social uncertainties and contingencies and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from estimated or anticipated events or results reflected in such forwardlooking statements.
Cardinal disclaims any intent or obligation to update publicly or release any revisions to any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, circumstances or results or otherwise after todays date or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, other than required by the Corporations Act and ASX and TSX Listing Rules. The words believe, expect, anticipate, indicate, contemplate, target, plan, intends, continue, budget, estimate, may, will, schedule and similar expressions identify forwardlooking statements.
All forwardlooking statements made in this press release are qualified by the foregoing cautionary statements. Investors are cautioned that forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of future performance and accordingly, investors are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forwardlooking statements due to the inherent uncertainty therein.
SCHEDULE 1
Metallurgical Drill Hole Selection
Table 3: MetaData Listing of Drill Holes selected for the Metallurgical Composites
Hole IDDepth Dip AzimuthmEast mNortmRL Grid_ID
(m) (°) (°) h
NMDD01989.3 -65.0757295.1176885214.3373.1UTM WGS84 Zone
28 .83 1 4 30
North
NMDD02187.8 -64.9757429.1176978215.0259.0UTM WGS84 Zone
92 .00 9 4 30
North
NMDD02486.5 -65.7757410.1177180204.9330.9UTM WGS84 Zone
82 .82 4 7 30
North
NMDD02790.2 -65.2757442.1177278202.7351.7UTM WGS84 Zone
27 .88 1 2 30
North
NMDD04888.3 -60.9757639.1176989206.283.50UTM WGS84 Zone
49 .18 8 30
North
NMDD09193.2 -60.5757379.1176939214.2347.0UTM WGS84 Zone
92 .53 5 7 30
North
NMDD09688.0 -65.7757363.1177204204.5425.0UTM WGS84 Zone
06 .67 0 5 30
North
NMDD10087.9 -67.5757383.1177000210.8427.9UTM WGS84 Zone
66 .84 2 6 30
North
NMDD13292.0 -64.7757353.1177335202.1453.3UTM WGS84 Zone
94 .16 0 8 30
North
NMDD13488.0 -66.0757321.1177088207.4453.8UTM WGS84 Zone
16 .09 5 4 30
North
NMDD13886.2 -65.2757278.1176992210.2501.4UTM WGS84 Zone
30 .94 3 0 30
North
NMRC05693.6 -45.0757432.1176863216.9145.0UTM WGS84 Zone
77 .83 3 0 30
North
NMRC07493.6 -45.0757449.1176913217.767.00UTM WGS84 Zone
55 .72 6 30
North
NMRC10393.6 -60.0757656.1177321200.6149.0UTM WGS84 Zone
76 .83 8 0 30
North
NMRC10897.6 -61.2757591.1177267202.5150.0UTM WGS84 Zone
38 .44 6 0 30
North
NMRC12994.3 -65.5757458.1177173205.1300.0UTM WGS84 Zone
98 .69 7 0 30
North
NMRC13094.5 -46.1757572.1177157205.3162.0UTM WGS84 Zone
09 .47 2 0 30
North
NMRC13389.8 -65.1757559.1177411199.2250.0UTM WGS84 Zone
54 .71 8 0 30
North
NMRC13488.8 -66.5757518.1177368200.7250.0UTM WGS84 Zone
86 .02 2 0 30
North
NMRC13988.5 -64.9757683.1177167202.0130.0UTM WGS84 Zone
60 .03 0 0 30
North
NMRC14488.2 -66.3757520.1177308201.5300.0UTM WGS84 Zone
91 .46 5 0 30
North
NMRC14588.1 -50.4757469.1177080209.7312.0UTM WGS84 Zone
45 .63 3 0 30
North
NMRC15290.0 -64.8757472.1176887217.2291.0UTM WGS84 Zone
60 .70 6 0 30
North
NMRC16488.8 -65.2757483.1177036210.8350.0UTM WGS84 Zone
27 .70 1 0 30
North
NMRC17889.7 -45.7757542.1177052210.1200.0UTM WGS84 Zone
45 .58 8 0 30
North
NMRD08988.6 -65.0757566.1177313201.0253.0UTM WGS84 Zone
85 .74 4 0 30
North
NMRD09088.6 -65.0757611.1177423198.4211.0UTM WGS84 Zone
66 .07 6 0 30
North
NMRD09688.4 -66.0757326.1177146206.2393.2UTM WGS84 Zone
44 .74 8 5 30
North
NMRD15388.5 -63.2757485.1176783213.1173.1UTM WGS84 Zone
13 .92 4 1 30
North
Table 4: Summary of Individual 20m Composites selected for Metallurgical test work
Hole_ID mFrom mTo Au g/t LITHOLOGY
NMDD019 39 59 0.50 MetaVolcanics
NMDD019 59 70 1.41 MetaVolcanics
NMDD019 81 85 0.18 Granite
NMDD019 100 120 0.76 MetaVolcanics
NMDD019 120 124 1.29 MetaVolcanics
NMDD019 124 144 0.23 Granite
NMDD019 144 164 0.48 Granite
NMDD019 164 167 1.16 Granite
NMDD019 167 187 0.48 MetaVolcanics
NMDD019 187 207 0.43 MetaVolcanics
NMDD019 207 227 0.63 MetaVolcanics
NMDD019 227 247 1.51 MetaVolcanics
NMDD019 247 267 1.22 MetaVolcanics
NMDD019 267 275 1.58 MetaVolcanics
NMDD021 73 93 0.76 Granite
NMDD021 93 113 1.08 Granite
NMDD021 113 130 0.46 Granite
NMDD021 145 155 0.43 Granite
NMDD024 280 297 1.65 Diorite
NMDD024 308 316 0.27 Diorite
NMDD027 73 93 2.27 MetaVolcanics
NMDD027 93 103 3.85 MetaVolcanics
NMDD048 12 32 1.33 MetaVolcanics
NMDD048 32 33 0.14 MetaVolcanics
NMDD091 91 111 2.50 MetaVolcanics
NMDD091 111 119 2.68 MetaVolcanics
NMDD096 267 287 1.82 MetaVolcanics
NMDD096 287 307 1.78 MetaVolcanics
NMDD096 307 310 5.57 MetaVolcanics
NMDD100 267 287 2.92 Diorite
NMDD100 287 307 1.20 Diorite
NMDD100 307 327 0.87 Diorite
NMDD100 327 339 2.33 Diorite
NMDD132 189 209 6.38 MetaVolcanics
NMDD132 209 229 2.61 MetaVolcanics
NMDD132 229 232 0.65 MetaVolcanics
NMDD132 232 252 0.63 Granite
NMDD132 252 256 0.34 Granite
NMDD134 254 274 2.20 Granite
NMDD134 274 290 3.02 Granite
NMDD134 290 310 1.13 MetaVolcanics
NMDD134 310 328 1.33 MetaVolcanics
NMDD134 328 348 1.18 Diorite
NMDD134 348 368 1.32 Diorite
NMDD138 83 103 0.84 MetaVolcanics
NMDD138 103 123 0.89 Granite
NMDD138 123 143 0.95 Granite
NMDD138 143 163 0.93 Granite
NMDD138 163 183 0.74 Granite
NMDD138 183 203 0.70 Granite
NMDD138 203 223 0.44 Granite
NMDD138 223 243 0.76 Granite
NMDD138 243 263 0.55 Granite
NMDD138 263 283 0.57 Granite
NMDD138 283 303 0.87 Granite
NMDD138 303 323 1.07 Granite
NMDD138 323 343 1.83 Granite
NMDD138 343 345 0.41 Granite
NMDD138 345 359 0.76 Diorite
NMRC056 30 38 0.81 MetaVolcanics
NMRC056 56 65 0.54 MetaVolcanics
NMRC056 74 76 0.12 MetaVolcanics
NMRC074 35 55 1.81 MetaVolcanics
NMRC074 55 67 2.85 MetaVolcanics
NMRC103 18 30 0.89 MetaVolcanics
NMRC108 0 13 1.49 Granite
NMRC108 13 28 0.66 MetaVolcanics
NMRC108 76 80 0.02 MetaVolcanics
NMRC108 89 105 0.76 Granite
NMRC108 105 125 0.32 MetaVolcanics
NMRC108 125 126 0.12 MetaVolcanics
NMRC108 126 127 0.44 Diorite
NMRC129 20 40 0.52 MetaVolcanics
NMRC129 40 42 0.24 MetaVolcanics
NMRC129 42 48 0.22 Granite
NMRC129 67 87 0.65 Granite
NMRC129 87 96 1.37 Granite
NMRC129 96 116 1.16 MetaVolcanics
NMRC129 116 136 2.40 MetaVolcanics
NMRC129 136 152 1.75 MetaVolcanics
NMRC129 161 163 0.04 MetaVolcanics
NMRC129 163 183 1.34 Granite
NMRC129 183 202 0.65 Granite
NMRC129 202 210 0.56 MetaVolcanics
NMRC129 211 230 1.82 MetaVolcanics
NMRC129 248 257 1.83 Diorite
NMRC130 15 25 0.89 Granite
NMRC130 44 51 1.32 Granite
NMRC130 52 72 2.99 Granite
NMRC130 72 86 1.76 Granite
NMRC130 86 93 0.59 MetaVolcanics
NMRC130 111 112 0.05 Diorite
NMRC130 123 134 0.37 Diorite
NMRC130 136 144 0.24 Diorite
NMRC130 148 149 0.11 Diorite
NMRC133 79 99 0.57 Granite
NMRC133 99 110 1.37 Granite
NMRC134 64 75 0.88 MetaVolcanics
NMRC134 76 85 1.16 MetaVolcanics
NMRC139 13 14 0.49 Diorite
NMRC139 15 18 0.06 Diorite
NMRC139 27 35 0.91 Diorite
NMRC139 36 49 0.58 Diorite
NMRC139 50 56 0.51 Diorite
NMRC144 29 38 0.92 MetaVolcanics
NMRC144 41 42 3.40 MetaVolcanics
NMRC144 47 56 0.72 MetaVolcanics
NMRC144 56 76 1.52 Granite
NMRC144 76 96 1.47 Granite
NMRC144 96 116 0.66 Granite
NMRC144 116 117 3.49 Granite
NMRC144 117 137 1.61 MetaVolcanics
NMRC144 137 155 1.21 MetaVolcanics
NMRC144 187 193 0.35 MetaVolcanics
NMRC144 202 205 0.36 Diorite
NMRC145 36 56 0.57 Granite
NMRC145 56 76 0.97 Granite
NMRC145 76 96 0.99 Granite
NMRC145 96 116 1.52 Granite
NMRC145 116 135 2.34 Granite
NMRC152 30 50 1.60 MetaVolcanics
NMRC152 50 60 1.67 MetaVolcanics
NMRC152 86 100 0.71 MetaVolcanics
NMRC164 39 59 0.77 Granite
NMRC164 59 63 0.52 Granite
NMRC164 106 126 0.97 Granite
NMRC164 126 146 0.70 Granite
NMRC164 146 166 1.48 Granite
NMRC164 166 171 1.46 Granite
NMRC178 25 45 1.79 Granite
NMRC178 45 65 1.00 Granite
NMRC178 65 85 1.34 Granite
NMRC178 85 105 0.84 Granite
NMRC178 105 110 2.01 Granite
NMRD089 29 49 0.99 Granite
NMRD089 49 56.89 0.76 Granite
NMRD090 37 57 0.62 Granite
NMRD090 57 68 0.45 Granite
NMRD090 69 73 0.15 Granite
NMRD096 279 281 0.04 Granite
NMRD096 283 286 0.15 Granite
NMRD096 287 307 0.82 Granite
NMRD096 307 313 0.80 Granite
NMRD096 313 333 0.48 MetaVolcanics
NMRD096 333 348 1.58 MetaVolcanics
NMRD153 20 40 6.20 MetaVolcanics
NMRD153 40 54 3.22 MetaVolcanics
Notes:
- Grid coordinates are in WGS84 Zone 30 North.
- The 20m downhole intercept composites were calculated using weighted average
Appendix 1
JORC Code 2012 Edition - Table 1
Section 1 - Sampling Technique and Data
Criteria JORC Code Explanation Commentary
Sampling Nature and quality of Resource drilling comprises 175
technique sampling (e.g. cut diamond core holes and 151
s channels, random Reverse Circulation (RC) drill
chips, holes totalling 87,140 m.
or
specific specialised
industry standard Diamond core sampling includes
measurement tools half-core and quarter-core
appropriate samples of HQ core
to the minerals under size.
investigation, such RC drilling utilised
as down hole face-sampling hammers of
gamma nominally 127 to 140 mm
sondes, or handheld diameter, with samples
XRF instruments, collected by riffle
etc.). These examples splitting.
should
not Additional drilling including
be taken as limiting exploration and sterilisation
the broad meaning of drilling outside the resource
sampling. area, and 10 by 15m spaced
trial RC grade control
drilling was not included in
the resource estimation
dataset.
Include reference to Field sampling followed
measures taken to Cardinal Namdini protocols
ensure sample including industry standard
quality control
representivity and the procedures.
appropriate
calibration of any Sample representativity is
measurement tools or ensured
systems by:
used.
RC samples: Collecting 1m
samples from a cyclone,
passing them through a 3-tier
riffle splitter, and taking
duplicate samplers every
20
th sample.
Diamond Core: -For drilling
prior to approximately April
2016 core was halved for
sub-sampling with a diamond
saw. From approximately April
2016 to June 2017 core was
quartered for assaying. For
drilling after June 2017
diamond core was halved for
sub-sampling. Sample intervals
range from 0.2 to 1.8 m in
length, with majority of
samples assayed over 1 m
intervals.
Aspects of the After oven drying diamond core
determination of samples were crushed using a
mineralisation that jaw crusher, with core and RC
are Material to samples crushed to a -2mm size
the using an RSD Boyd crusher.
Public Report. Riffle split sub-samples were
pulverised to nominally 85%
In cases where passing 75
industry standard microns.
work has been done
this would be
relatively simple Pulverised samples were fire
(e.g. reverse assayed for gold using a 30 or
circulation drilling 50-gram charge with an atomic
was used to obtain 1 absorption finish, with a
m samples from which detection limit of 0.01 g/t.
3 kg was pulverised Assays of greater than 100 g/t
to produce a 30 g were re-analysed with a
charge for fire gravimetric finish.
assay). In other
cases, more
explanation may be
required, such as
where there is coarse
gold that has
inherent sampling
problems. Unusual
commodities or
mineralisation types
(e.g. submarine
nodules) may warrant
disclosure of
detailed
information.
Selection of A selection of representative 1
Composites for m samples from 47 drill holes
were sent to Maelgwyn
Aachen metallurgical Laboratories South Africa for
test
work. Aachen Metallurgical testwork.
The
drillhole samples selected were
from different representative
lithologies within the planned
Starter Pit and Life of Mine
pit. The samples were sent as
competent HQ quarter core and
crushed material rejects from
SGS assay
laboratories.
Drilling Drill type (e.g. core, Diamond core drilling is
technique reverse circulation, completed with core size of HQ
s openhole hammer, with tipple tube drilling
rotary through surficial saprolite
air and standard tubes for deeper
blast, auger, Bangka, drilling. Core was orientated
sonic, etc.) and using a digital Reflex ACT II
details (e.g. core RD orientation
diameter, tool.
triple
or standard tube, Reverse circulation drilling
depth of diamond utilised face sampling hammers
tails, face-sampling of nominal 127 to 140mm
bit or diameter.
other
type, whether core is The resource drilling comprises
oriented and if so, east-west trending traverses
by what method, of holes inclined towards the
etc.). east at generally
45
0 to 65o approximately
perpendicular to
mineralisation.
All drill collars are surveyed
using an RTK GPS with most
diamond holes and deeper RC
holes downhole surveyed at
intervals of generally around
30 m using electronic
multi-shot and gyroscopic
equipment.
Drill samMethod of recording Recovered core lengths were
ple and assessing core measured for 98% of the
recovery and chip sample diamond resource drilling,
recoveries showing generally very high
and results assessed. recoveries, which average
99.8% for mineralised domain
samples.
RC sample recoveries were
assessed by weighing recovered
sample weights for 1m
intervals. For the combined
dataset estimated recoveries
average 85% which is
considered
acceptable.
Measures taken to All drilling activities were
maximise sample supervised by company
recovery and geologists.
ensure
representative nature Measures taken to maximise
of the diamond core recovery included
samples. use of HQ core size with
triple tube drilling through
the saprolite zone, and having
a geologist onsite to examine
core and core metres marked
and orientated to check
against the drillers blocks
and ensuring that all core
loss is
considered.
RC sample recovery was
maximised by utilising
drilling rigs with sufficient
compressor capacity, including
auxiliary compressors to
provide dry, high recovery
samples. In cases where the RC
rig was unable to maintain dry
samples the hole was continued
by diamond core drilling.
RC sample condition was
routinely logged by field
geologists with less than 0.2%
of resource RC samples logged
as moist or
wet.
Whether a relationship No relationship is seen to
exists between sample exist between sample recovery
recovery and grade and grade, and no sample bias
and is due to preferential
whether sample bias loss/gain of any fine/coarse
may have occurred due material due to the generally
to preferential high sample recoveries
loss/gain obtained by both drilling
of fine/coarse methods employed.
material.
Logging Whether core and chip All drill holes were
samples have been geologically logged and
geologically selected diamond core was
and geotechnically logged. The
geotechnically logged lithology, alteration and
to a level of detail geotechnical characteristics
to support of core are logged directly to
appropriate a digital format on a Field
Mineral Resource Toughbook laptop logging
estimation, mining system following procedures
studies and and using Cardinal geologic
metallurgical codes. Data is imported into
studies. Cardinals central database
after validation in Maxwell
LogChief software.
The geological and geotechnical
logging is of appropriate
detail to support the Mineral
Resource estimation, and
mining and metallurgical
studies.
Whether logging is Logging was both qualitative
qualitative or and quantitative depending on
quantitative in the field being logged.
nature. Core
(or
costean, channel, RC chips in trays and HQ core
etc.) were photographed both in dry
photography. and wet
form.
The total length and Geological logs are available
percentage of the for 86,728 (99.5%) of the
relevant resource drilling
intersections
logged.
Sub-samplIf core, whether cut For sampling, diamond core was
ing or sawn and whether either quartered or halved
techniqu quarter, half or all with these sample types
es core providing 36% and 64% of
and samp taken. mineralised domain core
le samples
preparat respectively.
ion
If non-core, whether RC samples were split using a
riffled, tube three-tier riffle splitter.
sampled, rotary Rare wet were air dried prior
split, etc. to riffle splitting.
and
whether sampled wet
or
dry.
For all sample types, Sample preparation and gold
the nature, quality assaying was undertaken by
and appropriateness independent commercial
of laboratories. Most primary
the samples were submitted to SGS
sample preparation Ouagadougou or SGS Tarkwa for
technique. analysis by fire-assay with
assays from these laboratories
contributing around one third
and two thirds of the
estimation dataset
respectively. Samples analysed
by Intertek Tarkwa provide
around 0.5% of the estimation
dataset.
After oven drying diamond core
samples were crushed using a
jaw crusher, with core and RC
samples crushed to minus 2mm
using an RSD Boyd crusher.
Riffle split sub-samples were
pulverised to nominally 85%
passing 75
microns.
The sample preparation is of
appropriately high quality for
Mineral Resource
estimation.
Quality control Procedures adopted to maximise r
procedures adopted epresentivity
for all sub-sampling of samples include crushing
stages and pulverising of samples
to prior to further sub-sampling
maximise representivit by appropriate splitting
y techniques. Sample preparation
of samples. equipment was routinely
cleaned with crushers and
pulveriser flushed with barren
material at the start of every
batch.
Measures taken to Measures taken to ensure sample
ensure that the representivity
sampling is include use of appropriate
representative of the sub-sampling methods,
in including riffle splitting for
-situ material RC samples and halving, or
collected, including quartering diamond core with a
for instance results diamond saw. RC field
for duplicates were routinely
field collected, and selected
duplicate/secondhalf samples were submitted for
sampling. inter-laboratory check
assaying.
Whether sample sizes Sample sizes are appropriate
are appropriate to for the grain size of the
the grain size of the sampled
material material.
being sampled.
Quality The nature, quality Samples are analysed for gold
of and appropriateness by lead collection fire assay
Assay of the assaying of a 30 or 50g charge with AAS
and finish; the assay charge is
data and laboratory procedures fused with the litharge-based
laborator used and whether the flux, cupelled and
y technique is
tests considered prill dissolved in aqua regia
partial or total. and gold tenor determined by
flame
AAS.
The quality of the Fire
Assaying and laboratory
procedures are considered to
be entirely appropriate for
this deposit type. The
analytical method is
considered appropriate for
this mineralisation style and
is of industry
standard.
Pulverised samples were fire
assayed for gold using a 30
or 50-gram charge with an
atomic absorption finish, with
a detection limit of 0.01 g/t.
Assays of greater than 100 g/t
were re-analysed with a
gravimetric
finish.
The fire assays represent total
analyses and are appropriate
for the style of
mineralisation. They are of
appropriately high quality for
Mineral Resource
estimation.
For geophysical tools, No hand-held geophysical tools
spectrometers, were
handheld XRF used.
instruments,
etc.,
the parameters used
in determining the
analysis including
instrument
make and model,
reading times,
calibrations factors
applied and
their
derivation, etc.
Nature of quality Monitoring of sample
control procedures preparation and analysis
adopted (e.g. included industry standard
standards, methods comprising routine
blanks, submission of certified
duplicates, external reference standards, coarse
laboratory checks) and fine blanks and
and whether inter-laboratory
acceptable repeats.
levels
of accuracy (i.e. These procedures have confirmed
lack of bias) and the reliability and accuracy
precision have been of the sample preparation and
established. analysis with sufficient
confidence for the Mineral
Resource estimation.
Acceptable levels of accuracy
and precision have been
established.
Aachen metallurgical Each metallurgical composite
test sample received at the
work Maelgwyn
Laborator
y was staged crushed via jaw
and cone crusher to 100%
passing 1.7 mm. The material
was then split into 20 kg
portions using spades and
labour via the
industry standard cone and
quartering method.
Each of the 20 kg samples was
split into 1 kg portions using
a rotary splitter, for
purposes of chemical head
assays, grind establishment
and bench scale
testwork.
The Aachen testwork was
performed in accordance with
South African National
Accreditation System (SANAS)
industry standards.
VerificatThe verification of No individual drill hole
ion significant results are reported in this
of intersections by announcement. Several small
sampling either independent phases of independent
and or core-sampling and assaying
assaying alternative company have been
personnel. conducted.
The use of twinned None of the drill holes in this
holes. report are
twinned.
Documentation of Primary data were captured on
primary data, data field tough book laptops using
entry procedures,
data LogChief Software. The
verification, data software has validation
storage (physical and routines and data was then
electronic) imported onto a secure central
protocols. database.
Discuss any adjustment No adjustments were made to
to assay assays.
data.
Location Accuracy and quality All drill collars are surveyed
of data of surveys used to by RTK GPS (±10mm of accuracy)
points locate drill holes with most diamond holes and
(collar deeper RC holes downhole
and surveyed at intervals of
downhole surveys), generally around 30 m using
trenches, mine electronic multi-shot and
workings and other gyroscopic equipment.
locations
used
in Mineral Resource
estimation.
Specification of the Coordinate and azimuth are
grid system reported in UTM WGS84 Zone 30
used. North.
Quality and adequacy Topographic control was
of topographic established from aerial
control. photography using 12 surveyed
control points. A 1m ground
resolution DTM was produced by
Sahara Mining Services from a
UAV survey using a DJI Inspire
1 UAV at an altitude of 100m.
Topographic control is
adequate for estimation of
Mineral Resources and Ore
Reserve.
Data Data spacing for Drill spacing is at 50m x 100m
spacing reporting of line spacing with infill to
and dist Exploration 50m x 50m and 10m x 15m in
ribution Results. selected areas.
Whether the data Drill data spacing and
spacing and distribution are sufficient to
distribution is establish geological and grade
sufficient to continuity for the Mineral
establish Resource and Ore Reserve
the classifications were applied
degree of geological utilising this
and grade continuity information.
appropriate for the
Mineral Resource and Mineralisation tested by
Ore Reserve generally 50 by 50 m and
estimation closer spaced drilling is
procedure(s) and
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