Types OF RFID SYSTEMS
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Now that you simply know how RFID systems function, it is time for you to go deeper into the distinct varieties of systems out there. RFID systems is often broken down by the frequency band inside which they operate: low frequency, higher frequency, and ultra-high frequency.
You can find also two broad categories of systems-passive and active RFID. Inside the sections beneath we are going to discover the frequencies and sorts of RFID systems.
RFID Frequencies
Frequency refers towards the size from the radio waves used to communicate involving system components. RFID systems all through the world operate in low frequency (LF), higher frequency (HF), and ultra-high frequency (UHF) bands. Radio waves behave differently at every of those frequencies and you'll find advantages and disadvantages connected with using every frequency band.
One example is, if an RFID system operates at a reduce frequency, it has a slower information read price, but increased capabilities for reading near or on metal or liquid surfaces. If a system operates at a higher frequency, it commonly has faster information transfer rates and longer read ranges, but extra sensitivity to radio wave interference triggered by liquids and metals within the environment. On the other hand technology innovations in current years have made it doable to work with ultra-high frequency RFID systems around liquids and metals.
Low Frequency (LF) RFID
The LF band covers frequencies from 30 KHz to 300 KHz. Usually LF RFID systems operate at 125 KHz, although there are actually some that operate at 134 KHz. This frequency band gives a short read range of 10 cm, and has slower read speed than the greater frequencies, but is not extremely sensitive to radio wave interference.
LF RFID applications include things like access control and livestock tracking.
Standards for LF animal-tracking systems are defined in ISO 14223, and ISO/IEC 18000-2. The LF spectrum just isn't deemed a actually global application because of slight variations in frequency and energy levels throughout the world.
High-Frequency (HF) RFID
The HF band ranges from 3 to 30 MHz. Most HF RFID systems operate at 13.56 MHz with study ranges involving 10 cm and 1 m. HF systems experience moderate sensitivity to interference.
HF RFID is normally used for ticketing, payment, and information transfer applications.
There are many HF RFID standards in place, for instance the ISO 15693 normal for tracking items, plus the ECMA-340 and ISO/IEC 18092 requirements for Close to Field Communication (NFC), a brief variety technologies that is typically used for data exchange involving devices. Other HF standards involve the ISO/IEC 14443 A and ISO/IEC 14443 requirements for MIFARE technology, which used in smart cards and proximity cards, plus the JIS X 6319-4 for FeliCa, which can be a smart card system normally used in electronic money cards.
Ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID
The UHF frequency band covers the range from 300 MHz to 3 GHz. RAIN RFID systems comply together with the UHF Gen2 normal and use the 860 to 960 MHz band. Though there is certainly some variance in frequency from region to area, RAIN RFID systems in most countries operate between 900 and 915 MHz.
The study range of passive UHF systems can be as long as 12 m, and UHF RFID has a quicker data transfer price than LF or HF. UHF RFID may be the most sensitive to interference, but quite a few UHF product producers have found approaches of designing tags, antennas, and readers to keep overall performance high even in challenging environments. Passive UHF tags are much easier and more affordable to manufacture than LF and HF tags.
RAIN RFID is used in a wide variety of applications, ranging from retail inventory management, to pharmaceutical anti-counterfeiting, to wireless device configuration. The majority of new RFID projects are using UHF (RAIN) as opposed to LF or HF, producing RAIN the fastest increasing segment in the RFID marketplace.
The UHF frequency band is regulated by a single international common known as the ECPglobal Gen2 (ISO 18000-63) UHF normal. Impinj spearheaded development of your Gen2 common, lobbied governments to allocate frequency spectrum and co-founded the RAIN RFID Alliance together with Google, Intel and Smartrac so as to promote the universal adoption of RAIN technologies solutions across lots of different vertical markets.
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Datum: 08.06.2019 - 08:54 Uhr
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