Explain the Maritime Silk Road
For news about the latest developments about the Maritime Silk Road, the Xinhua Silk Road website ( en.imsilkroad.com ) can easily be relied on, includes 21st Century Maritime Silk Road background, countries, routes, China's Arctic Policy, and the integrated information services for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The Belt and Road Initiative portal is available in multiple languages, namely English, Thai, Italian and Chinese, for the benefit of a wider audience. It is sponsored by the China Economic Information Service (CEIS).
(firmenpresse) - The Maritime Silk Road was a conduit for trade and cultural exchange among China's south-eastern coastal locations and foreign countries. There have been two significant routes: the East China Sea Silk Route along with the South China Sea Silk Route.
A visitor looks at Quanzhou-style lanterns during an exhibition on intangible cultural heritages along the ancient Maritime Silk Road in Quanzhou, southeast China's Fujian Province, Nov. 23, 2019. (Xinhua/Wei Peiquan)
Starting from Quanzhou Fujian Province, the Maritime Silk Road was the earliest voyage route that was formed within the Qin and Han dynasties, developed from the Three Kingdoms Period for the Sui Dynasty, flourished within the Tang and Song dynasties, and fell into decline inside the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Through the Maritime Silk Road, silks, china, tea, and brass and iron had been the 4 principal categories exported to foreign nations; while spices, flowers and plants, and rare treasures for the court have been brought to China. Thus, the Maritime Silk Road was also referred to as "the Maritime China road" or "the Maritime spices road".
The Maritime Silk Road, like its overland counterpart, had its origins through the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD). Even though vast seas separate the four corners in the Earth, with advances in shipbuilding and navigational technologies, maritime transport came to supply unprecedented access towards the most distant destinations.
It is actually recognized that the bulk from the raw and processed silk transported along the overland Silk Road during the Han Dynasty was developed mostly along China's southern coast and in the coastal Wu, Wei, Qi, and Lu regions (present-day Shandong Province). Since ancient times, these places have been thriving centers of shipbuilding also as silk production. They were hence capable to provide each commodities for export along with the signifies to transport them across the sea. It was this combination that offered the social and material conditions important for the development of maritime trade throughout the Han Dynasty.
The maritime routes opened by Emperor Han Wudi (reigned 140-87 BC) supplied access towards the Roman Empire by way of India, marking the first oceanic route also as the earliest maritime trading route within the world. This enabled China to actively seek out overseas markets and establish foreign trade relations, and laid the foundation for the development with the Maritime Silk Road.
Han Shu Record (also called The History of the Han Dynasty) kept the very first full vivid record on China's boats sailing into the Indian Ocean in the South Sea by means of the Malacca Strait in Southeast Asian waters. Han ships would leave from Xuwen in South China's Guangdong Province, or Hepu in South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Area, and by means of the South Sea, would arrive in India and Sri Lanka -- a transfer station, exactly where pearls, colored glazes, along with other exotic points may very well be bought. Chinese silk was transported to Rome hereafter. Such was the Maritime Silk Road.
In his book Nature History, Gaius Plinius Secundus, a knowledgeable scientist in ancient Rome, recorded, "four sailors from (today's Sri Lanka) left for Rome (during the Caesar Era). In line with one of the sailors named Rutgers, each Rome and Sri Lanka had direct trade relations with China."
In 166 on the Han Dynasty, the Roman Emperor sent envoys to China, presenting many such gifts as ivory and hawksbill turtles for the imperial royal court, which marked the earliest friendly relations amongst China and European countries. A direct route in the East to the West was as a result opened up.
Throughout the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), Chinese ships set sail from Guangzhou, bound across the South China Sea, as a result pioneering essentially the most important routes of your maritime Silk Road. Additionally to transporting silk, the South China Sea routes stimulated each material and cultural exchange. Nations all through Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and in some cases Europe dispatched emissaries to China by way of the new maritime routes to establish diplomatic relations, purchase silk, and engage of trade of all sorts. Silk, because the principal maritime trade commodity, flowed inside a steady stream from China to other countries.
Earnings from the maritime trade have been one with the Chinese government's significant sources of revenue throughout this time. The Tang, Song (960-1279), and Yuan (1279-1368) Dynasties all appointed specific Commissions of Maritime Affairs at coastal cities like Guangzhou (Canton), Mingzhou (present-day Ningbo), and Quanzhou. These offices have been accountable for overseeing maritime trade and delivering logistic support and preferential treatment for foreign merchants in China. The maritime Silk Road hence became a conduit for promoting friendly relations and linking East and West.
East China Sea Route
Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, the starting spot of Maritime Silk Road. The East China Sea Route enjoys a lengthy history of about 3,000 years. It was during the Zhou Dynasty that Ji Zi, a court official, was sent on a journey east, setting off from Shangdong Peninsula's Bohai Gulf and navigating his way across the Yellow Sea, which led for the introduction of sericiculture (silkworm farming), filature and silk spinning into Korea.
When Emperor Qin Shi Huang united China, a lot of Chinese fled to Korea and took with them silkworms and breeding technologies. This sped up the development of silk spinning in Korea. These new expertise plus the technologies have been subsequently introduced into Japan throughout the Han Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, the silks developed by Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces had been directly shipped to Japan. Quite a few Japanese envoys and monks had been also in a position to travel to Chang'an (now Xi'an) along this sea route.
South China Sea Route
Guangzhou represented the starting-point of the South China Sea Route, which extended across the Indian Ocean then on to different nations situated around the Persian Gulf. The varieties goods dispatched for trade consisted mainly of silk, china and tea, whilst imported merchandise included a variety of spices, flowers and grasses - therefore it becoming typically known as the sea's 'China Road' and also the sea's 'Flavor Road' .
The route was initial used in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and improved in recognition in the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280) for the Sui Dynasty (581-618). Up until the Tang Dynasty Anshi Rebellions (755-762), this route was viewed as a secondary option to the Silk Road, Nevertheless inside the latter half of your eighth century, owing towards the scourge of wars within the vast Western Regions, trade volumes along the Maritime Silk Road boomed as these on its overland counterpart steadily declined.
Delicate Silk Technologic advances in shipbuilding and navigation led to the opening of new sea-lanes to the Southeast Asia, Malacca, locations inside the Indian Ocean and also the Persian Gulf. Guangzhou became the very first good harbor in China around the time of your Tang and Song Dynasties, even though it was later substituted by Quanzhou within the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) as the most important trade port.
The Naval Expedition towards the West by Zheng He in the early part with the Ming Dynasty demonstrated the terrific importance from the Silk Road and was to represent the peak of its reputation. The governments on the Ming and Qing Dynasties issued a ban on maritime trade, contributing to huge decline in its use. As the Opium War broke out in 1840, the Silk Road around the Sea entirely disappeared.
As early as 2,000 years ago, the Maritime Silk Road started from China's south-east coastal regions, traversing a vast expanse of oceans and seas to countries in Southeast Asia, Africa and Europe.
This trading route that connects the East and also the West, had enhanced the exchanges of commodities, people and culture among nations situated around the road.
In an effort to revive the ancient Maritime Silk Road and bring a lot more benefits towards the relevant nations and peoples, the initiative that China and nations along the ancient Maritime Silk Road would develop collectively a new Maritime Silk Road with the 21st Century was proposed by China.
Such an initiative draws inspiration both from history and from most current developments in the 21st century. The aim is always to inject sturdy impetus in enhancing political mutual trust, deepening economic cooperation, and promoting cultural at the same time as people-to-people exchanges amongst relevant nations by means of joint cooperation, widespread development and regional integration. All nations along the Maritime Silk Road are welcome to program, develop and advantage collectively in the initiative.
Because the initiative was first raised, a lot of nations have actively supported and engaged themselves within the development in the or the Silk Road Financial Belt (the "Belt and Road" for quick) or each.
On Oct. 24, 2014, twenty-first Asian nations signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Establishing the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in Beijing, aiming to finance and facilitate infrastructure constructions for Asian countries along the "Belt and Road".
The MOU specifies that the authorized capital of AIIB is 100 billion U.S. dollars and the initial subscribed capital is expected to be around 50 billion dollars. The paid-in ratio is going to be 20 percent.
The 21 countries are Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.
In the APEC Summit 2014 held in Beijing in November, 2014, China announced to contribute US$40 billion to setup a Silk Road Fund to provide investment and financial support to carry out infrastructure, resources, industrial and financial cooperation and also other projects related to connectivity for nations along the "Belt and Road".
With more support from other countries and wider coverage across the region, the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has come to be an initiative not for one nation but for all countries who welcome and support the initiative and are working with each other closely with one another for financial and social advancement also as for the welfare of their peoples. The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has normally been and can nevertheless be open to all nations along the road.
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