Which UPS System Technology Do I Demand?
OnLiTECH has been providing specialist power protection solutions to the IT and Telecoms industry for many years. We are an independent company with the facility to provide products from all of the major manufacturers including Chloride Power Electronics, Emerson Network Power, Eaton Powerware APC and many more.
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There a number of Uninterruptible Power Provide (UPS System) technologies obtainable, all of which have various benefits and drawbacks. This article intends to assist guide you in the appropriate choice for the application.
All UPS Systems consist of a rectifier which converts your regular mains AC power into DC power, an inverter that converts DC power into AC power, and an energy storage medium that is typically lead acid batteries.
There are 3 key UPS technologies - Offline, Line Interactive and Online Double Conversion - and two different forms of inverter - square wave (also called pseudo-sine wave or modified sine wave) and sine-wave.
An Offline UPS offers fundamental levels of power protection. There is ordinarily a degree of surge suppression incorporated and when the input mains voltage goes out of tolerance (that is certainly also high/low or fails) the UPS inverter starts up and delivers power for your equipment. There is a break within the mains supply when this happens inside the region of 10-20 a large number of a second that will frequently go unnoticed by the majority of equipment. The inverter in offline UPS is almost almost normally a square wave.
A line interactive UPS is related to an offline UPS but has the added benefit of voltage regulation. This means that it's going to minimize the mains voltage if it goes as well higher (known as "buck") or raise the mains voltage when it goes also low (known as "boost"). It'll do that with out reverting to battery and therefore conserve battery life. Considering that a line interactive UPS has an inline transformer, it also gives in-built filtering and therefore a higher degree of power protection. Just like the offline varieties, there is also a break throughout the transition from mains power to battery power. In larger high quality line interactive units, this break can be as low as only 2 to 4 thousandths of a second. Line Interactive UPS Systems include square wave and sine wave inverters.
The online double conversion UPS System is thought of by many to provide the highest levels of power protection. The inverter is normally on, and gives power to the load. This means that there isn't any deviation in output voltage and no break if the UPS reverts to battery power. The output waveform in an online UPS System will practically often be a sine-wave, typically of incredibly premium quality and may improve the operation of certain equipment. An online double conversion UPS also has a bypass circuit, which allows power to be continually fed to your load even when the UPS develops a fault or is overloaded.
In deciding on your technologies you might want to take into account:
The power consumption of your load
The type of load you may have
How essential your load is
The environment in which the UPS will sit
The necessary runtime
Your price range
Your typical UK socket outlet is rated at 13Amps which means by far the most power it is possible to draw from a UK outlet is 3KVA, or 3KW. (Power Measurement will be covered within a separate paper). Above this level (for specialist equipment, or hardwired installations) most UPS will probably be online double conversion technologies because the economies of scale start off making other technologies non cost helpful. Under this level, nonetheless all technologies are out there, although above around 2KVA, line interactive systems start to grow to be heavy and unwieldy as a result of the size of transformer that is certainly expected.
In case your load is created up of personal computer form power supplies, then both square wave and sine wave products will power this equipment adequately. If your load includes motors, transformers, pumps or other inductive components (around the input power supply) then square wave systems aren't suitable and also you have to choose a sine-wave system.
Any load that's susceptible to mains disturbances for instance in analytical equipment or audio applications ought to also pick out a sine-wave system. Exactly where mains distortions have an effect on equipment functionality then you definitely should choose online double conversion exactly where a pure sine-wave is generally present.
In case your load is critical for operation then the elevated benefit of online double conversion technology should be used. This gives additional security against all power disturbances in addition to the comfort of a fall-back bypass in case a fault develops with all the UPS. You could want to parallel with each other UPS and again, this could only be accomplished with online double conversion UPS. (We'll cover parallel systems and redundancy in a separate paper). If you possess a Computer where you are looking for simple battery backup to cease annoyance rebooting or tripping then an offline or line interactive unit would suffice.
Offline and line interactive UPS Systems are normally quiet in operation and usually do not utilise cooling fans in normal operation (normally). This signifies they are appropriate to become placed in an office or home atmosphere. Online Double Conversion UPS systems call for forced cooling and may be really noisy and hence have a tendency to not be suitable for use in an office environment.
When you are running your UPS in conjunction with an emergency backup generator then the benefits of online double conversion technology come towards the fore, as the UPS will cover for any transition to generator operation as well as give a continual unchanging power source for the duration of generator start out up and any shifts that may well occur in frequency and or voltage during load switching.
Offline UPS have a tendency to be the smallest of all technologies so is often useful to supply emergency ride by way of for places where space is at a premium.
Extended runtimes on UPS are improved handled with online UPS Systems. This can be since they're created to operate continually in the inverter. In which case it does not matter in the event the input power is in the rectifier or the battery - the operation is definitely the identical. Offline and Line Interactive units tend to not be made for this continuous operation. (Battery selection and runtime will likely be covered in a separate paper.) It is also unwise to power any equipment having a square wave inverter for any prolonged time period as you could possibly result in degradation to electronic components. Square wave systems are made to permit standard personal computer systems to ride by way of short power outages or time to shut down a system in the occasion of a prolonged power reduce.
You could possibly have already made up your thoughts which technology you'll need, but let's take a look at relative expenses. Offline UPS systems used to be by far the least expensive. Nevertheless nowadays an offline UPS as well as a line interactive square wave unit are normally related prices. Online Double Conversion used to become much more highly-priced than other technologies, but now is comparable to a top quality sine-wave line interactive UPS.
With regard to running charges, the offline UPS is the most effective as in typical operation the input power goes straight by way of for the load, so the only power loss should be to preserve the battery float charged and power the UPS logic. Line Interactive units are equivalent in efficiency but experience far more losses on account of the transformer expected for the buck and boost facility. Online Double Conversion nevertheless, has the drawback of becoming the least efficient of the technologies.
In summary, for easy low cost battery backup then the offline or line interactive square wave systems are appropriate. For higher grade protection in a quiet environment, or exactly where your load form demands it, go for a sine-wave line interactive unit. Nevertheless, if you would like the very best power solution, then we suggest online double conversion technologies as it is compatible with all load varieties and offers the highest degrees of power protection.
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